The Romans are coming to York!

Yes, it’s the time of year the Romans invade York. Along with the governor of Britannia and the mighty marching men of six legions (escaping from their humdrum 21st century lives) come a load of riff-raff and camp followers including a bunch of scribblers.

But the good news is that these are nine of the best scribblers. They’ll be lurking in the Tempest Anderson Hall next to the Yorkshire Museum during Saturday and Sunday 10 am-4pm each day. If you’re not completely taken over by the Roman living history camp, kids’ army, demonstrations, Roman parades and activities for all ages, come and discover some fascinating fiction and non-fiction. Plus, the authors will be delighted to sign the books you buy.

Simon Turney (S J A Turney)  

With in excess of 40 books to his name, Simon is a prolific writer, spanning genres and eras and releasing novels both independently and through renowned publishers including Head of Zeus, Canelo and Orion. Look for his Roman military novels featuring Caesar’s Gallic Wars in the form of the bestselling Marius’ Mules series, Roman thrillers in the Praetorian series, set during the troubled reign of Commodus, a series of fictionalised biographies of damned Roman emperors, the Legion XXII books in Roman Egypt and a rollicking Viking series: Wolves of Odin.  https://simonturney.com

Ruth Downie
In her own words, Ruth wasn’t looking for the Romans. ‘We only went to Hadrian’s Wall because we thought our children should do something educational on holiday.

Sheltering from the rain in a museum, I read, “Roman soldiers were allowed to have relationships with local women, but they were not allowed to marry them.” Obviously, here was a terrific story waiting to be told. All I had to do was find out everything there was to know about Roman Britain, invent things to fill the gaps, and work out how to put it all together in a novel…‘

So arose the Ruso (and Tilla) Medicus series of now nine books.

When she’s not researching or writing the Ruso novels, Ruth spends the occasional joyous week grovelling in mud with an archaeological trowel, because Roman Britain is still there. Underneath our feet.   https://ruthdownie.com

Alex Gough

Alex’s latest series of books are based around the adventures of Silus and Atius, spies and assassins for the controversial Emperor Caracalla. In non-writing time, he is studying for a PhD in Applied Health Research. He confesses to a decades long interest in Ancient Roman history, and his two series, the Carbo of Rome trilogy, and the Imperial Assassins hexology are the culmination of a lot of research into the underclasses of Ancient Rome. www.romanfiction.com

His latest book, Emperor’s Lion (Imperial Assassin Book 5) sees Silus, inducted into Caracalla’s bodyguard, penetrating a conspiracy that could bring down Rome.

Paul Chrystal
Paul works in medical publishing, but combines it with being history advisor to local visitor attractions such as the National Trust in York and ‘York’s Chocolate Story’, writing features for national newspapers and broadcasting on BBC radio.

A contributor to several history magazines, he’s the author of over 100 books published since 2010 on classical history, social histories of chocolate, coffee and tea, transport and local history of towns and cities in Yorkshire, Durham and Greater Manchester.

He regularly reviews for and contributes to ‘Classics for All’ and has contributed to a 6-part series for BBC2 ‘celebrating the history of some of Britain’s most iconic craft industries’, in this case chocolate in York.  From 2019  he’s edited York Historian, the journal of the Yorkshire Architectural and York Archaeological Society.   http://www.paulchrystal.com 

Jane Finnis
“Write something about yourself,” they said, and I thought wow, at last I can tell the world how brilliant, charming and beautiful I am. Then they spoilt it all by saying, “But stick to the truth.” Oh well…

Jane’s been fascinated by the past ever since as a child she walked along the Roman roads of East Yorkshire and discovered that York’s medieval Minister was built over something even older, a Roman fortress.

At school she became completely hooked on Roman history when she read t Robert Graves’s I, Claudius and Claudius the God. After studying history at London University, she worked for some years in radio, mostly as a freelance broadcaster for the BBC.

Her Aurelia Marcella novels and short stories are set in Yorkshire around a mansio, an official inn/way station and there’s a lot of murder about… http://www.janefinnis.com/books/

Nancy Jardine

Can you imagine Roman soldiers tramping all over your garden?

Nancy Jardine lives beside the now-flattened ramparts of a large Agricolan Temporary Encampment in Aberdeenshire. On discovering it sheltered around 10,000 soldiers, she felt compelled to write about those Roman invaders  – though writing and publishing didn’t happen till after she retired from primary teaching. The six novels of her Celtic Fervour Series are set in late 1st Century North Britannia. The adventure stories showcase members of a clan from Brigantia who find ways to resist their Roman usurpers. However…Britannic Governor Gnaeus Iulius Agricola also features in the series, and some of the action takes place in the very first Eboracum Roman Fortress.

Nancy’s other published work includes a time-travel adventure about Emperor Severus’ invasion of Aberdeenshire in AD 210 and contemporary mystery novels, where unlocking an ancestral tree provides the solutions. Current writing is set in Victorian Scotland, done at her desk where she awaits the muse while staring blankly out of the window at the fairy house in her garden. http://www.nancyjardineauthor.com/

Clive Ashman

Clive Ashman is fairly described as ‘artist, writer, motor mechanic and qualified lawyer’. He discovered the unsolved heritage crime in his first novel ‘MOSAIC‘ (the 1940’s theft of a pavement from a lost Roman villa in East Yorkshire) whilst practising as a criminal lawyer.

Its blockbuster sequel, ‘TWO-EIGHT-SIX’, concentrates on Carausius – charismatic commander of their navy in Britain, whose Third Century ‘Brexit‘ and rebellion against Rome parallels more modern themes. Published in 2021 by Voreda Books, Clive’s third book, ‘LAWYERS of LUGVALIO’ starts-off in Scotland, but uses a genuine Roman court-case and York-based advocate to take its action forward. www.voredabooks.com

Edwin Pace

Edwin Pace was first an armour officer, and then a career intelligence officer–the perfect combination for writing his latest book, The Long War for Britannia. Now in its second printing, it is the definitive history of Late Roman and Early Medieval Britain. It reveals just how the Roman diocese of Britannia became England and Wales.

The book shows that Britain was a powerful state in the mid-fifth century, able to deal with Rome on an equal basis. However, ethnic tensions between Briton and Saxon led to centuries of civil war. Still, memories of this brief era—embodied in the figure of Arthur—persist down to the present day. https://www.pen-and-sword.co.uk/The-Long-War-for-Britannia-367664-Hardback/p/19205

Edwin is the author of a previous work of history, Arthur and the Fall of Roman Britain, as well as the novel Rhinelord, a retelling of the Siegfried myth. A member in good standing of the International Arthurian Society, he has contributed many articles to its journal, Arthuriana. https://independent.academia.edu/EdwinPace

Alison Morton (That’s me!)

Alison Morton writes the award-winning Roma Nova alternative history thriller series featuring modern Praetorian heroines.

She blends her deep love of Roman history with six years’ military service and a life of reading historical, adventure and thriller fiction. On the way, she collected an MA History.

A ‘Roman nut’ since age 11, Alison misspent decades clambering over Roman sites throughout Europe. Fascinated by the mosaics at Ampurias (Spain), at their creation by the complex, power and value-driven Roman civilisation, she started wondering what a modern Roman society would be like if run by strong women… The Roma Nova series is the result!

Now she continues to write thrillers, cultivates a Roman herb garden and drinks wine in France with her husband. (This is my blog 😉 )

 

Do come to the Tempest Anderson Hall next to the Yorkshire Museum and say salve! – we’re all quite nice people really –  or we’ll start a coup, force feed each other with fish garum sauce or possibly fall on our swords. See you there!

 

Alison Morton is the author of Roma Nova thrillers –  INCEPTIO, CARINA (novella), PERFIDITAS, SUCCESSIO,  AURELIA, NEXUS (novella), INSURRECTIO  and RETALIO,  and ROMA NOVA EXTRA, a collection of short stories.  Audiobooks are available for four of the series. Double Identity, a contemporary conspiracy, starts a new series of thrillers. Double Pursuit, the sequel, is now out!

Download ‘Welcome to Alison Morton’s Thriller Worlds’, a FREE eBook, as a thank you gift when you sign up to Alison’s monthly email update. You’ll also be among the first to know about news and book progress before everybody else, and take part in giveaways.

JULIA first draft is finished!

The heroine – Julia Bacausa

Oh, the joy and the relief of finishing the first draft of a new book!

Along with a sense of achievement comes a feeling of numbness. You’ve completed the story. No more sitting at the keyboard ready to plunge into the book world and typing to find out what happens next. No more writing (hopefully sparky) dialogue for your characters, but no more looking up Roman roads, dalmaticae, wayside inns or political and religious issues of the late fourth century.

But wait!  I may have a 98,000 word story, but it’s rough. Not the story, which I’m happy with, but the words. Some of the sentences were tapped out at warp speed in an effort to get them down before my brain forgot what it had dreamed up. They’ll be reasonably grammatical and will contain the essentials, but they need buffing up.

No author, or possibly only a very few geniuses, writes in their first draft what finally appears on an ereader or print book that a reader has paid good money for. I explain editing here. It’s hard work, sometimes painful to the ego, sometimes joyous and often involves a lot of muttering such as ‘thank goodness I saw that’, ‘will my critique partner ever run out of red pen?’ and ‘my copy editor is dead right’.

But back to the book…

I intended to write the story of how the founders of Roma Nova met, all about the trek north and the foundation itself. The working title was Fondatio, which was a bit of a clue

Ha!

I have ended up writing half the story. When I got into it, I discovered so much more behind the characters, their story, their world, their values, their friends and family that I knew I couldn’t achieve all this within one book for my readers. And readers don’t deserve to be short-changed. Yes, I realise I will need to write another Roma Nova book now. 😉

In the meantime, I will be bringing you the story of Julia Bacausa, the Romano-Celt from Noricum. It’s a story of power, love, betrayal, vengeance and courage at a time when the Roman world was going through change, and boundaries of every sort were flexing and flowing.

More soon…

Alison Morton is the author of Roma Nova thrillers –  INCEPTIO, CARINA (novella), PERFIDITAS, SUCCESSIO,  AURELIA, NEXUS (novella), INSURRECTIO  and RETALIO,  and ROMA NOVA EXTRA, a collection of short stories.  Audiobooks are available for four of the series. Double Identity, a contemporary conspiracy, starts a new series of thrillers. Double Pursuit, the sequel, is now out!

Download ‘Welcome to Alison Morton’s Thriller Worlds’, a FREE eBook, as a thank you gift when you sign up to Alison’s monthly email update. You’ll also be among the first to know about news and book progress before everybody else, and take part in giveaways.

Reasons for the fall of Rome?

‘Destruction’ by Thomas Cole, painted 1833–1836, part of a series ‘The Course of Empire’

Discussion of the the reasons for the ‘fall’ of the Western Roman Empire will go on forever and everybody will have their pet one. The classic book is The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, a six-volume work by the English historian Edward Gibbon.

Rome didn’t ‘fall’ it one cataclysmic day, week, month or year, nor was it all gone in one puff of smoke and was suddenly not there. It weakened, fragmented, disintegrated like the links of chain mail rusting and breaking, badly repaired and never again as strong. It transformed into pieces, changed into regions, city-states and mini fiefdoms run by warlords who battled each other for the next several centuries.

By 395 CE, things were changing/declining noticeably as I discussed here even though the deposition of the last Roman emperor in the west, Romulus Augustulus, who merely ruled over a small area round Ravenna, didn’t occur until 476 CE. The last really effective Roman emperor, Majorian, died in 461 CE.

Some areas such as northern France stuck out for a while after their ties to Rome had been cut. Before Majorian died, he appointed Aegidius in 457 CE to command all military forces in Gaul as magister militum (master of soldiers). Aegidius and his son Syagrius ruled over northern Gallia as Romans until Syagrius came up against Clovis, the dynamic kind of the Franks in 486 CE.

Yes, but why did the mighty civilisation that had lasted 1,229 years ‘fall’?

Books have been written on this – lots of them – but some of the main ones could include:

  • Invasion by barbarian tribes (Although there were many already settled with the Empire by the early 5th century, sometimes in semi-autonomous regions, thus weakening Roman identity)
  • Economic troubles and over reliance on (diminishing) slave labour – pirates, land consolidation, reduced access to markets, etc.)
  • Rise of the Eastern Empire and concentration on Constantinople with reduction of Rome’s importance
  • Internecine conflict, Greek vs Latin language and identity
  • Over expansion and military overspend
  • Government corruption and political instability
  • Arrival of the Huns and migrations of the barbarian tribes
  • Christianity and the loss of traditional values and structures
  • Weakening of the legions – ‘barbarisation’ and unwillingness of core Romans to enter the military
  • Loss of craft skills, industrial level production and diversification

Are there more?

Oh, yes! In 1984, a German academic, Alexander Demandt, published a book, Der Fall Roms, and he listed 210 reasons. Here’s the list, translated into English:

1.   Abolition of gods
2.   Abolition of rights
3.   Absence of character
4.   Absolutism
5.   Agrarian question
6.   Agrarian slavery
7.   Anarchy
8.   Anti-Germanism
9.   Apathy
10.  Aristocracy
11.  Asceticism
12.  Attack of the Germans
13.  Attack of the Huns
14.  Attack of riding nomads
15.  Backwardness in science
16.  Bankruptcy
17.  Barbarisation
18.  Bastardisation
19.  Blockage of land by large landholders
20.  Blood poisoning
21.  Bolshevisation
22.  Bread and circuses
23.  Bureaucracy
24.  Byzantinism
25.  Social mobility
26.  Capitals, change of
27.  Caste system
28.  Celibacy
29.  Centralisation
30.  Childlessness
31.  Christianity
32.  Citizenship, granting of
33.  Civil war
34.  Climatic deterioration
35.  Communism
36.  Complacency
37.  Concatenation of misfortunes
38.  Conservatism
39.  Capitalism
40.  Corruption
41.  Cosmopolitanism
42.  Crisis of legitimacy
43.  Culinary excess
44.  Cultural neurosis
45.  Decentralisation
46.  Decline of Nordic character
47.  Decline of the cities
48.  Decline of the Italian population
49.  Deforestation
50.  Degeneration
51.  Degeneration of the intellect
52.  Demoralisation
53.  Depletion of mineral resources
54.  Despotism
55.  Destruction of environment
56.  Destruction of peasantry
57.  Destruction of political process
58.  Destruction of Roman influence
59.  Devastation
60.  Differences in wealth
61.  Disarmament
62.  Disillusion with stated goals of empire
63.  Division of empire
64.  Division of labor
65.  Earthquakes
66.  Egoism
67.  Egoism of the state
68.  Emancipation of slaves
69.  Enervation
70.  Epidemics
71.  Equal rights, granting of
72.  Eradication of the best
73.  Escapism
74.  Ethnic dissolution
75.  Excessive ageing of population
76.  Excessive civilsation
77.  Excessive culture
78.  Excessive foreign infiltration
79.  Excessive freedom
80.  Excessive urbanisation
81.  Expansion
82.  Exploitation
83.  Fear of life
84.  Female emancipation
85.  Feudalisation
86.  Fiscalism
87.  Gladiatorial system
88.  Gluttony
89.  Gout
90.  Hedonism
91.  Hellenisation
92.  Heresy
93.  Homosexuality
94.  Hothouse culture
95.  Hubris
96.  Hypothermia
97.  Immoderate greatness
98.  Imperialism
99.  Impotence
100. Impoverishment
101. Imprudent policy toward buffer  states
102. Inadequate educational system
103. Indifference
104. Individualism
105. Indoctrination
106. Inertia
107. Inflation
108. Intellectualism
109. Integration, weakness of
110. Irrationality
111. Jewish influence
112. Lack of leadership
113. Lack of male dignity
114. Lack of military recruits
115. Lack of orderly imperial  succession
116. Lack of qualified workers
117. Lack of rainfall
118. Lack of religiousness
119. Lack of seriousness
120. Large landed properties
121. Lead poisoning
122. Lethargy
123. Levelling, cultural
124. Levelling, social
125. Loss of army discipline
126. Loss of authority
127. Loss of energy
128. Loss of instincts
129. Loss of population
130. Luxury
131. Malaria
132. Marriages of convenience
133. Mercenary system
134. Mercury damage
135. Militarism
136. Monetary economy
137. Monetary greed
138. Money, shortage of
139. Moral decline
140. Moral idealism
141. Moral materialism
142. Mystery religions
143. Nationalism of Rome’s subjects
144. Negative selection
145. Orientalisation
146. Outflow of gold
147. Over refinement
148. Pacifism
149. Paralysis of will
150. Paralysation
151. Parasitism
152. Particularism
153. Pauperism
154. Plagues
155. Pleasure seeking
156. Plutocracy
157. Polytheism
158. Population pressure
159. Precociousness
160. Professional army
161. Proletarianisation
162. Prosperity
163. Prostitution
164. Psychoses
165. Public baths
166. Racial degeneration
167. Racial discrimination
168. Racial suicide
169. Rationalism
170. Refusal of military service
171. Religious struggles and schisms
172. Rentier mentality
173. Resignation
174. Restriction to profession
175. Restriction to the land
176. Rhetoric
177. Rise of uneducated masses
178. Romantic attitudes to peace
179. Ruin of middle class
180. Rule of the world
181. Semi-education
182. Sensuality
183. Servility
184. Sexuality
185. Shamelessness
186. Shifting of trade routes
187. Slavery
188. Slavic attacks
189. Socialism (of the state)
190. Soil erosion
191. Soil exhaustion
192. Spiritual barbarism
193. Stagnation
194. Stoicism
195. Stress
196. Structural weakness
197. Superstition
198. Taxation, pressure of
199. Terrorism
200. Tiredness of life
201. Totalitarianism
202. Treason
203.Tristesse
204. Two-front war
205. Underdevelopment
206. Useless eaters
207. Usurpation of all powers by the state
208. Vaingloriousness
209. Villa economy
210. Vulgarisation

That gives you quite a choice! Some are self-contradictory, duplications or, in my opinion, plain daft. Others are simplistic or even offensive in 2022. Some will have been disproved since then, others dismissed as specious. But there are more than a few nuggets of truth in that list and I think it’s evident there were complex and interactive reasons, just as the Roman civilisation itself was. I’d recommend Bryan Ward-Perkins’ The Fall of Rome and the End of Civilisation for a reasoned view.

Perhaps you have your own alternative theory?

 

Alison Morton is the author of Roma Nova thrillers –  INCEPTIO, CARINA (novella), PERFIDITAS, SUCCESSIO,  AURELIA, NEXUS (novella), INSURRECTIO  and RETALIO,  and ROMA NOVA EXTRA, a collection of short stories.  Audiobooks are available for four of the series. Double Identity, a contemporary conspiracy, starts a new series of thrillers. Double Pursuit, the sequel, is now out!

Download ‘Welcome to Alison Morton’s Thriller Worlds’, a FREE eBook, as a thank you gift when you sign up to Alison’s monthly email update. You’ll also be among the first to know about news and book progress before everybody else, and take part in giveaways.